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CWNP CWNA-108 Exam Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
WLAN Protocols and Devices	20%	1. Describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set Stations (STAs) Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode) SSID BSSID Extended Service Set (ESS) IBSS (Ad-Hoc) Distribution System (DS) Distribution System Media (DSM) 2. Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU A-MSDU and A-MPDU PHY preamble and header 3. Identify and explain the MAC frame format MAC frame format MAC addressing 4. Identify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types Management Control Data 5. Explain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN Scanning (active and passive) Authentication Association Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks BSS selection Connecting to hidden SSIDs 6. Explain 802.11 channel access methods DCF EDCA RTS/CTS CTS-to-Self NAV Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS) Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense Hidden node 7. Explain 802.11 MAC operations Roaming Power save modes and frame buffering Protection mechanisms 8. Describe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management systems Access Points (APs) WLAN controllers Wireless network management systems Wireless bridge and mesh APs Client devices
WLAN Troubleshooting	10%	1. Describe and apply common troubleshooting tools used in WLANs Use of protocol analyzers for troubleshooting tasks Use of spectrum analyzers for identifying sources of interference Use of management, monitoring and logging systems for troubleshooting tasks Use of wireless LAN scanners for troubleshooting tasks 2. Identify and troubleshoot common wireless issues Identify causes of insufficient throughput in the wireless distribution systems including LAN port speed/duplex misconfigurations, insufficient PoE budget, and insufficient Internet or WAN bandwidth Identify and solve RF interference using spectrum analyzers Identify wireless performance issues using SNR, retransmissions, and airtime utilization statistics Identify causes of wireless issues related to network services including DHCP, DNS, and time protocols including using native interface and IP configuration tools (e.g. pings, DNS lookups, interface configuration) Identify wireless issues related to security configuration mismatches
WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts	15%	1. Describe and implement Power over Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt Power Source Equipment Powered Device Midspan and endpoint PSEs Power classes to include power differences between PSE and PD Power budgets and powered port density 2. Define and describe differences, advantages and constraints of the different wireless LAN architectures Centralized data forwarding Distributed data forwarding Control, Management and Data planes Scalability and availability solutions Tunneling, QoS and VLANs 3. Describe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless such as coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security Design considerations for data Design considerations for voice Design considerations for video Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location Services (RTLS) Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones) Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments Design considerations for guest access/BYOD Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devices 4.Demonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks. AirTime Fairness Band steering Dynamic power and channel management features 5. Determine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery DNS for address resolution for clients and APs Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP) VLANs for segmentation Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP) Access Control Lists for segmentation Wired network capacity requirements
WLAN Network Security	10%	1. Identify weak security options that should not be used in enterprise WLANs WEP Shared Key authentication SSID hiding as a security mechanism MAC filtering Use of deprecated security methods (e.g. WPA and/or WPA2 with TKIP) Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) 2. Identify and configure effective security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs Application of AES with CCMP for encryption and integrity WPA2-Personal including limitations and best practices for pre-shared (PSK) use WPA2-Enterprise -configuring wireless networks to use 802.1X including connecting to RADIUS servers and appropriate EAP methods 3. Understand basic concepts of WPA3 and Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) and enhancements compared to WPA2 Understand basic security enhancements in WPA3 vs. WPA2 Understand basic security enhancements of encryption and integrity in WPA3 (e.g. CCMP, GCMP, AES) Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) in WPA3 as an enhancement for legacy pre-shared key technology Understand the purpose of Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) for public and guest networks 4. Describe common security options and tools used in wireless networks Access control solutions (e.g. captive portals, NAC, BYOD) Protected management frames Fast Secure Roaming methods Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) and/or rogue AP detection Protocol and spectrum analyzers Best practices in secure management protocols (e.g. encrypted management HTTPS, SNMPv3, SSH2, VPN and password management)
Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies	15%	1. Define and explain the basic characteristics of RF and RF behavior Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, phase, sine waves RF propagation and coverage Reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering Multipath and RF interference Gain and loss Amplification Attenuation Absorption Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Return Loss Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) 2. Apply the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement Watt and milliwatt Decibel (dB) dBm and dBi Noise floor SNR RSSI dBm to mW conversion rules of 10 and 3 Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) 3. Identify RF signal characteristics as they relate to antennas. RF and physical line of sight and Fresnel zone clearance Beamwidths Passive gain Polarization Antenna diversity types Radio chains Spatial multiplexing (SM) Transmit Beamforming (TxBF) Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) MIMO 4. Explain and apply the functionality of RF antennas, antenna systems, and accessories available Omni-directional antennas Semi-directional antennas Highly directional antennas Reading Azimuth and Elevation charts for different antenna types Antenna orientation RF cables and connectors Lightning arrestors and grounding rods/wires
WLAN Regulations and Standards	20%	1. Explain the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations IEEE Wi-Fi Alliance IETF Regulatory domains and agencies 2. Explain and apply the various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions of the IEEE 802.11-2016 standard as amended including supported channel widths, spatial streams, data rates. DSSS – 802.11 HR-DSSS – 802.11b OFDM – 802.11a ERP – 802.11g Wi-Fi 4 - HT – 802.11n Wi-Fi 5 - VHT – 802.11ac Wi-Fi 6 - HE - 802.11ax 3. Understand spread spectrum technologies, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) DSSS OFDM OFDMA and Resource Units BPSK QPSK QAM (16, 64, 256,1024) 4. Identify and apply 802.11 WLAN functional concepts Primary channels Adjacent overlapping and non-overlapping channels Throughput vs. data rate Bandwidth Guard Interval 5. Describe the OSI model layers affected by the 802.11-2016 standard and amendments 6. Identify and comply with regulatory domain requirements and constraints (specifically in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) Frequency bands used by the 802.11 PHYs Available channels Regulatory power constraints Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Transmit Power Control (TPC) 7. Explain basic use case scenarios for 802.11 wireless networks Wireless LAN (WLAN) – BSS and ESS Wireless bridging Wireless Ad-Hoc (IBSS) Wireless Mesh
RF Validation	10%	1. Verify and document that design requirements are met including coverage, throughput, roaming, and connectivity with a post-implementation validation survey 2. Locate and identify sources of RF interference Identify RF disruption from 802.11 wireless devices including contention vs. interference and causes/sources of both including co-channel contention (CCC), overlapping channels, and 802.11 wireless device proximity Identify sources of RF interference from non-802.11 wireless devices based on the investigation of airtime and frequency utilization Understand interference mitigation options including removal of interference source or change of wireless channel usage 3. Perform application testing to validate WLAN performance Network and service availability VoIP testing Real-time application testing Throughput testing 4. Understand and use the basic features of validation tools Use of throughput testers for validation tasks Use of wireless validation software (specifically survey software and wireless scanners) Use of protocol analyzers for validation tasks Use of spectrum analyzers for validation tasks

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Understanding functional and technical aspects of CWNA® - Certified Wireless Network Administrator Business Principles and Practices

The following will be discussed in CWNP CWNA-108 exam dumps:

Identify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types
SSID
MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU
Data
Access Control Lists for segmentation
Explain 802.11 MAC operations
Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS)
Wired network capacity requirements
Describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set
VLANs for segmentation
MAC frame format
NAV
Describe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless such as coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security
Client devices
Connecting to hidden SSIDs
Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication
CTS-to-Self
Dynamic power and channel management features
Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location Services (RTLS)
Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense
MAC addressing
Hidden node
Roaming
Protection mechanisms
Control
DNS for address resolution for clients and APs
A-MSDU and A-MPDU
Determine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network
Wireless bridge and mesh APs
Association
Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP)
WLAN controllers
Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode)
Describe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management systems
Design considerations for video
AirTime Fairness
Scanning (active and passive)
Access Points (APs)
Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devices
Extended Service Set (ESS)
Distribution System Media (DSM)
Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP)
Wireless network management systems
Demonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks
Design considerations for guest access/BYOD
RTS/CTS
Identify and explain the MAC frame format
Power save modes and frame buffering
Explain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN
Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments
Explain 802.11 channel access methods
DCF
Band steering
Management
BSSID
Stations (STAs)
Design considerations for data
Design considerations for voice
BSS selection
IBSS (Ad-Hoc)
Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks
Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY
EDCA
DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery
Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones)
PHY preamble and header
Authentication
Distribution System (DS)

Reference: https://www.cwnp.com/certifications/cwna

Domain Details for CWNP CWNA-108

When it comes to particulars of this test, they are as follows:

RF Technologies
In particular, RF or Radio Frequency technologies concern the defining and explaining of basic features of RF in addition to RF behavior. Under this category, one will be learning about wavelength, frequency, phase, amplitude, sine waves, RF propagation & coverage, reflection, refraction, scattering, and diffraction, multipath as well as RF interference, gain & loss, amplification, absorption, and more. Also, to be learned is the application of fundamental concepts relating to RF measurements and mathematics. This details watt & milliwatt, decibel (dB), noise floor, SNR, RSSI, EIRP, and others. The next part is focused on identifying RF signal features according to the way they relate to antennas. The areas it touches on include beamwidths, RF in addition to a physical line of sight & Fresnel zone clearance, polarization, passive gain, radio chains, spatial multiplexing (SM), and MIMO, among others. The other domain covered is centered on RF antennas, antenna-related systems, as well as accessories functionality. This covers antennas that are omni-directional, highly directional, and semi-directional. It also covers antenna orientation, lightning arrestors as well as grounding rods or wires, RF cables & connectors, and more.
RF Validation
Under such a topic, candidates will be looking at verifying and documenting that design demands are met, including roaming, coverage, throughput, and connectivity alongside a validation survey for post-implementation. Also, to consider is the location and identification of sources associated with RF interference. Next is dealing with the performance of app testing to enable the validation of WLAN performance, which captures the network in addition to service availability, VoIP testing, throughput testing, and others. The last area to get into concerns the basic features associated with validation tools. Particularly, this explains using throughput testers in validating tasks, using validation software for wireless scanners, and using protocol analyzers to validate tasks, among other issues.
Security for WLAN Network
Included in the topic is the matter of the identification of weak options of security that shouldn't be utilized in WLANs for the enterprise. Also, included here is the identification and configuration of efficient security mechanisms targeted at enterprise WLANs, basic concepts relating to WPA3 & Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) as well as enhancements in comparison with WPA2, and common options of security as well as tools used within wireless based networks.
WLAN Network Infrastructure & Design Concepts
This section is about the implementation of Power over Ethernet (PoE), the advantages, constraints, and differences of various infrastructures for WLAN, design considerations related to common deployments within wireless that include coverage needs, roaming considerations, capacity, security, throughput, and awareness on common proprietary elements relating to wireless networks. Another field is about considering and configuring the needed services for networks that are supporting wireless ones.
WLAN Troubleshooting
This part covers common tools for troubleshooting that are often used within WLANs. Issues addressed by such a topic revolve around the usage of protocol analyzers to troubleshoot tasks, the usage of spectrum analyzers in identifying interference sources, and more. The last area looks at the identification and troubleshooting of wireless problems.
WLAN Protocols & Devices
This sector touches on the elements as well as functions that constitute an 802.11 wireless service set, terminology that relates to 802.11 MAC & PHY, MAC frame design, and the purpose of the three major frame types of 802.11. Also, it scrutinizes the process followed when locating and connecting to WLANs, access techniques for 802.11 channel, 802.11 MAC functioning, and the features, selection, and installation of WLAN gadgets, control, and the management of systems.
Standards & Regulations for WLAN
This tested area includes the roles played by WLAN as well as networking industry companies, the application of differing PHY (Physical Layer) solutions aimed at IEEE 802.11-2016 standard based on the amendment that includes supported widths, spatial streams, and data rate for a channel, and technologies and Modulation & Coding Schemes (MCS) related to spread spectrum. Also, such a domain deliberates OSI layers impacted by 802.11-2016 amendment and standard, the application of WLAN operation concepts for 802.11, and basic scenarios targeting 802.11 wireless networks.

CWNP CWNA-108 Exam Certification Details:

Sample Questions	CWNP CWNA-108 Sample Questions
Exam Registration	PEARSON VUE
Number of Questions	60
Duration	90 minutes
Recommended Training	Official CWNA Certification Self Study Kit Live Training Wireless Network Certification Class
Exam Price	$225 USD
Passing Score	70%
Exam Code	CWNA-108 CWNA
Exam Name	Wireless Network Administrator

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