PSM-II Exam Brain Dumps - Study Notes and Theory [Nov-2023]

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The PSM-II certification exam focuses on advanced concepts and techniques of Scrum, including how to apply Scrum principles to complex real-world scenarios. PSM-II exam is designed to test your ability to apply Scrum in a wide range of situations, including software development, product development, and project management. It also tests your ability to lead and coach teams, facilitate agile ceremonies, and manage stakeholders.

 

NEW QUESTION # 26
When does a Sprint end?

• A. When there is no work remaining in the Sprint Backlog.
• B. Immediately after the conclusion of the Sprint Review.
• C. It depends on the Product Owner.
• D. When the time-box expires.

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 27
Every Development Team should have the competencies and skills needed to deliver a Done Increment in a Sprint.

• A. False
• B. True

Answer: B

Explanation:
Development Teams are self-organized and cross-functional.

NEW QUESTION # 28
Peter, a Project Manager, has raised concerns about your Scrum Team's productivity and progress towards the objectives.
Which is the best way to respond to Peter's concerns?

• A. Show the Profit & Loss (P&L) report.
• B. Share the last stakeholder status report prepared by the Scrum Master.
• C. Share the Product Backlog, the projections towards the release dates and ensure that Peter has access.
• D. Share the current impediments.

Answer: C

Explanation:
One of the key pillars that support the empirical process control is Transparency. Transparency will help manage stakeholder expectations and allow the teams to effectively adapt if and when needed.

NEW QUESTION # 29
In order to start the first Sprint, Scrum only requires a Product Owner with enough ideas, a Development Team to execute on those ideas, and a Scrum Master to guide the process.

• A. False
• B. True

Answer: B

Explanation:
In complex domains, you are only able to know the outcomes in hindsight. Empiricism, from which Scrum was founded on, asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. New knowledge will emerge as work is being done.

NEW QUESTION # 30
What would be two boundaries, defined in Scrum, that give guidance for teams to effectively self-organize? (Choose two.)

• A. Having a mixture of different levels of skills and experience to promote domain knowledge sharing.
• B. Creating an integrated and potentially shippable Increment by the end of each Sprint.
• C. Timeboxing the events in Scrum to allow for regular inspection and adaptation creating opportunities to adjust course in any given path.
• D. Clearly defined functional teams within the Development Team to define handoff phases during development.

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
Time-boxing promotes regularity and focus for self-organized teams. Having shippable Increments allows teams to collaboratively make decisions on what needs to be done next.

NEW QUESTION # 31
Which two of these situations best demonstrate that a Scrum Team is self-managing?
(choose the best two answers)

• A. The Scrum Team invites the right external people to the Sprint Planning to help them create a complete and detailed Sprint Backlog before the meeting timebox expires.
• B. The Developers are strictly working within the boundaries of their function description, and are handing off work in a timely fashion to the other members within the team.
• C. Developers collaboratively select and re-plan their work during the Sprint.
• D. The Developers create their own Sprint Backlog, reflecting all work that is part of the Definition of Done.
• E. Management is invited to the Daily Scrum for a progress update and
  subsequently works with the Scrum Master to optimize the plan for the next day.

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
Explanation
A Scrum Team is self-managing, meaning that they have the autonomy and authority to organize and manage their own work within the boundaries of Scrum. A self-managing Scrum Team:
Creates their own Sprint Backlog, reflecting all work that is part of the Definition of Done, which is a valid option as it shows that the Developers are responsible for planning and executing the work needed to deliver a potentially releasable Increment at the end of each Sprint.
Collaboratively selects and re-plans their work during the Sprint (D), which is another valid option as it shows that the Developers are able to adapt to changing requirements, priorities, or circumstances within the Sprint, without relying on external instructions or approvals.
The other options are not correct because they:
Invite management to the Daily Scrum for a progress update and subsequently work with the Scrum Master to optimize the plan for the next day (A), which is not a good option as it shows that the Scrum Team is not self-managing, but rather dependent on management intervention and direction. The Daily Scrum is an event for the Developers to inspect their progress and plan their work for the next 24 hours, not a status report for management or anyone else.
Work strictly within the boundaries of their function description, and hand off work in a timely fashion to the other members within the team (B), which is not a good option as it shows that the Scrum Team is not self-managing, but rather following a rigid and siloed structure. The Developers are cross-functional, meaning that they have all the skills necessary to create a "Done" Increment, and they collaborate and coordinate their work as one team, not as separate individuals or roles.
Invite the right external people to the Sprint Planning to help them create a complete and detailed Sprint Backlog before the meeting timebox expires (E), which is not a good option as it shows that the Scrum Team is not self-managing, but rather relying on external assistance and input. The Sprint Planning is an event for the Scrum Team to create a Sprint Goal and a Sprint Backlog, based on the Product Owner's proposal and the Developers' forecast. The Scrum Team may invite other people to provide advice or expertise, but they are ultimately accountable for their own plan.
References: : [Scrum Guide], The Scrum Team : [Scrum Guide], The Developers : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Backlog : [Scrum Guide], The Daily Scrum : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Planning

NEW QUESTION # 32
If burndown charts are used to visualize progress, what does a trendline through a release burndown chart indicate?

• A. The evolution of the return of investment on the project.
  The trendline is based on the team's average velocity and the projective completion to zero is based on the team's velocity. The burndown chart is a helpful tool for Development Teams to self-manage BUT it is not mandatory as the teams will decide the best way to manage their own progress and promote transparency.
• B. When the project will be over if the Product Owner removes work that is equal in effort to any new work that is added.
• C. When all work will be completed so the Scrum Team can start work on a new Product Backlog.
• D. When the work remaining is projected to be completed if nothing changes on the Product Backlog or Development Team.

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 33
In what ways does the Scrum Master keep a Development Team working at its highest level of productivity?

• A. By removing impediments that hinder the Development Team and facilitating Development Team decisions.
• B. By keeping the Scrum board and burn-down chart updated daily.
• C. By helping the Development Team with user acceptance tests and tracking defects.
• D. By ensuring each member takes turns speaking at the Daily Scrum and ending the event on time.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The Scrum Master serves the Development Team by removing impediments to the Development Team's progress and facilitating Scrum events as requested or needed.

NEW QUESTION # 34
Steven, who is a Scrum Master, on one of the Scrum Teams has approached you asking for advice. Their Daily Scrum requires more than 15 minutes and the team has suggested dividing themselves into two separate teams in order to stay within the time box.
As another Scrum Master, what would be the best response?

• A. Disagree - as the root cause may not be that the team is too big.
• B. Unsure - dividing a team into two cannot be decided based on this information. You offer to observe.
• C. Agree - this is an appropriate solution to the problem.
• D. Agree - You agree that dividing the team into two is a good strategy to allow the teams to learn how to run Daily Scrums quickly and effectively. Once they've learned to limit the Daily Scrum to 15 minutes, you can merge the teams again.

Answer: B

Explanation:
The relationship between cause and effect can become more clear when more information emerges.

NEW QUESTION # 35
Who must ensure that the work done for a Product Backlog item conforms to the Definition of "Done?"

• A. The Scrum Master.
• B. The test team.
• C. The Product Owner.
• D. The Scrum Team.
• E. The Development Team.

Answer: E

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The Development Team owns the Definition of "Done" and is accountable for the quality of the Product Backlog items.

NEW QUESTION # 36
During Sprint Planning, the Development Team was not able to confidently forecast a Sprint Backlog but the Scrum Team was able to create a Sprint Goal for upcoming Sprint. What action should the Scrum Master take?

• A. Extend the Sprint Planning time-box until the Development Team can forecast enough items to begin the Sprint.
• B. Forecast the most likely Product Backlog items to meet the goal and discuss in the upcoming Sprint Retrospective why this happened and what changes will make it less likely to recur.
• C. Request assistance from the technical architect.
• D. Postpone the Sprint in order for the Product Owner to refine the Product Backlog to the level needed.

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 37
In what two ways is velocity and technical debt related? (Choose two.)

• A. As the Development Team is working on new Product Backlog items, they may unexpectedly run into technical debt that will result the team's velocity dropping.
• B. They are not related because technical debt is non-functional and velocity is calculated based on end user functionality.
• C. Adding estimates to technical debt will allow the Development Team to maintain constant velocity therefore ensuring predictability.
• D. A Development Team can artificially increase velocity by allowing technical debt to be incurred.

Answer: A,D

Explanation:
Technical debt is a natural occurrence when developing complex products. It is a concept in software development that reflects the implied cost of additional rework caused by choosing an easy solution now instead of using a better approach that would take longer. And how it is managed will depend on the team AND context of the situation.

NEW QUESTION # 38
Five new Scrum Teams have been created to build one product. A few of the Developers ask the Scrum Master who will coordinate the work between the different Scrum Teams. What should the Scrum Master do?
(choose the best answer)

• A. Visit the five Scrum Teams each day to facilitate alignment and synchronization of their Sprint Backlogs.
• B. Advise the teams to reduce interdependence by working in separate branches and organizing a specific Sprint every four development Sprints to manage integration.
• C. Collect the Sprint tasks from the teams at the end of their Sprint Planning and merge that into a consolidated plan for the entire Sprint.
• D. Teach the Product Owner to work with the lead developers on ordering Product Backlog in a way to avoid too much technical and development overlap during a Sprint.
• E. Teach them that it is their responsibility to form Scrum Teams with the skills and knowledge to create an Increment by the end of every Sprint.

Answer: E

Explanation:
Explanation
The Scrum Master should do this because it is the most effective way to ensure that the Scrum Teams are self-organizing, cross-functional, and collaborative. The Scrum Master can help the Scrum Teams to understand the benefits of working together as one integrated team, rather than as separate component teams.
The Scrum Master can also facilitate the communication and coordination among the Scrum Teams, and support them in resolving any dependencies or conflicts that may arise.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 7: "Scrum Teams are cross-functional, meaning the members have all the skills necessary to create value in each Sprint." Scrum Guide 2020, page 7: "Scrum Teams are self-managing, meaning they internally decide who does what, when, and how." Nexus Guide 2020, page 5: "When multiple Scrum Teams are working together on the same product, there are additional complexities that arise. These complexities can be reduced by having the teams adhere to a common definition of "Done" and a single Product Backlog."

NEW QUESTION # 39
What are typical Product Owner activities during Sprint 0?

• A. Creating User Stories based on the requirements document.
• B. Creating a project plan based on the defined timeline.
• C. There is no such thing as Sprint.
• D. Allocating enough resources before starting Sprint 1.
• E. Ensuring there is enough work to do for at least three Sprints.

Answer: C

Explanation:
There are no special Sprints. All Sprints are structured to produce potentially shippable product Increments.

NEW QUESTION # 40
During the Sprint Review, the Product Owner decides to release the current Increment to production. The stakeholders suggest temporarily delaying the next Sprint in order to respond more quickly to user feedback after the release. The Product Owner prefers to continue to the next Sprint and make progress towards the next release. Steven, the Scrum Master, begins facilitating the discussion.
What would be two acceptable outcomes of the discussion? (Choose two.)

• A. Continue with the Sprints but allow the Sprint Goal within the Sprint to change according to the customer feedback.
• B. Continue with the Sprints but shorten the Sprint time-boxes to allow for shorter feedback loops.
• C. Continue with the Sprints and include the customer feedback in the Product Backlog.
• D. Delay the next Sprint to allow the Development Team to work on new customer feedback.

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
A new Sprint starts immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint. Delaying the start of the next Sprint interrupts progress and can reduce the Time-to-Market. Shortening the Sprint length allows the team to respond quicker to changes outside of the Sprint plan and while still allowing delivery of business value. Adding user feedback to the Product Backlog helps the Product Owner with ordering the backlog to maximize the flow of value.
During the Sprint no changes are made that would endanger the Sprint Goal.

NEW QUESTION # 41
At the end of the eighth Sprint, the internal sponsors are upset and angry with the progress of the product being built. The current state of the product is not as expected and will require additional Sprints and more budget than originally anticipated at the start of the project.
What factors may have led to this? (Choose three.)

• A. The project plan proposed to the sponsors at the start of the project followed stringently.
• B. The scope changes have not been tracked adequately and the change request process has not been followed properly.
• C. The stakeholders have not been using the Daily Scrum effectively to track the Development Team's progress.
• D. The sponsors haven't been using the Sprint Reviews to actively engage, and inspect and evaluate progress.
• E. The Product Owner has not been engaging with sponsors frequently enough and has not been kept aware of the overall progress of the project.
• F. The Scrum Master has not ensured transparency.

Answer: D,E,F

Explanation:
One of the principles of agility includes working closely with business people. In order to manage stakeholder expectation, there must be open communication (through collaboration and transparency) throughout the project cycle. This maximizes alignment, helps with making business decisions, and reduces risk.
Although, the Scrum Guide does not directly state that the Scrum Master is responsible for ensuring transparency it is implicit. The Scrum Master is responsible for the process in which Scrum is adopted and enacted. Scrum is founded on empiricism and the Scrum Master helps those inside and outside the team work in an empirical environment which includes transparency (one of the three pillars of empiricism).

NEW QUESTION # 42
What should a Development Team do if they don't understand a functional requirement?

• A. Move the item to a future Sprint.
• B. Work with the Product Owner to determine what is possible and acceptable.
• C. Request a specialist to be added to the Development Team.
• D. Complete as much as possible and add the remaining work as a new Product Backlog item.

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 43
Select two ways in which Scrum uses time-boxing to promote self-organization? (Choose two.)

• A. Time-boxes helps everybody concentrate on the same problem at the same time.
• B. Time-boxes can help teams plan how many additional Sprints is needed for User Acceptance testing.
• C. Time-boxes encourage the ones closest to the problem make the best possible decisions within the time- frame given the current situation.
• D. Time-boxes ensures that the Development Team commits to completing the items in the Sprint Backlog by the end of the Sprint.

Answer: A,C

Explanation:
Time-boxes help everyone focus on the work of the Sprint and personally commit to achieving the goals of the Scrum Team.

NEW QUESTION # 44
During the Sprint Review the Product Owner introduces the functionality that is likely to be done over the next Sprints. The Chief Security Officer reminds everyone that through the envisioned functionality, sensitive personal user data will be stored. This might be the subject of external security audits. He reminds everyone of important non-functional requirements with regards to security. These were not applicable and not considered previously What are two effective ways the Scrum Team can manage these high-security concerns?
(choose the best two answers)

• A. They are added to the Product Backlog and addressed throughout the next Sprints, combined with creating the business functionality in those Sprints, no matter how small that business functionality.
• B. They should be managed by a separate specialist team in a parallel Sprint, so they can be specifically resolved through an improved application design without hindering functional development.
• C. They are discussed, determined, and documented in parallel Sprints to not disturb the actual feature development Once analyzed, they should be applied to the work already done before further feature development can continue.
• D. The impact of these security concerns on past and future work needs to be determined before new Sprints can start. A list of security-related Product Backlog items needs to be passed on to the Product Owner before starting the next Sprint
• E. During the Sprint Retrospective, the Scrum Team assesses how to add these expectations to the Definition of Done so every future Increment will live up to these requirements. If needed they can work with external specialists to better understand the requirements

Answer: A,E

Explanation:
Explanation
C) They are added to the Product Backlog and addressed throughout the next Sprints, combined with creating the business functionality in those Sprints, no matter how small that business functionality.
This is a good way because it is consistent with the Scrum principle of empiricism, which means that the Scrum Team learns and adapts based on the actual outcomes and feedback, rather than following a predefined plan12. By adding these security concerns to the Product Backlog, the Product Owner can prioritize and refine them according to the value and urgency, and communicate them to the stakeholders. By addressing them throughout the next Sprints, the Scrum Team can deliver valuable and functional increments that also meet the security requirements34.
D) During the Sprint Retrospective, the Scrum Team assesses how to add these expectations to the Definition of Done so every future Increment will live up to these requirements. If needed they can work with external specialists to better understand the requirements This is another good way because it is consistent with the Scrum value of openness, which means that the Scrum Team and the stakeholders have a clear and common understanding of the product vision, goals, progress, and risks12. By adding these expectations to the Definition of Done, the Scrum Team can ensure that every future Increment meets the quality standards and satisfies the stakeholder needs. By working with external specialists, the Scrum Team can also leverage their expertise and experience to better understand and implement the security requirements34.
References: 1: Scrum Values | Scrum.org 2: Scrum Values - Atlassian 3: Scrum Guide | Scrum Guides 4:
Scrum - What is it, how it works, & how to start - Atlassian

NEW QUESTION # 45
Which two behaviors would reflect Servant Leadership in a Scrum Master? (Choose two.)

• A. Staying away from internal Development Team interactions, maximizing their autonomy and freedom.
• B. Resolving every impediment for the Development Team.
• C. Coaching the Development Team, the Product Owner and the organization on how to work empirically.
• D. Facilitating Scrum Events as requested or needed.

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
Explanation
Explanation:
The Scrum Master is responsible for serving the team by facilitating and removing impediments to ensure there are minimal roadblocks in the way of the team. The Scrum Master also coaches the Scrum Team and organization to ensure the benefits of Scrum is realized.
"Removing every impediment for the Development Team" may seem like the right thing to do but by doing it this way, the Dev Team's ability to self-organize would be limited. There are some impediments that will depend solely on the Scrum Master and there will be some that require collaboration with the Dev Team. The former might be working with the finance department to renew services that the team is using. The latter might be lack of skills to make a particular item done. The Scrum Master can coach the team on finding different solutions to resolve the issue.
"Removing impediments" is good. "Removing every impediment for the Development Team" is not so good and sometimes not even possible.

NEW QUESTION # 46
An important aspect of Scrum are timeboxes. Select two ways in which timeboxing reinforces the creation of value.
(choose the best two answers)

• A. Timeboxing assures that a Product Owner does not interrupt the Developers during a Sprint.
• B. Timeboxes help everyone focus on the same problem at the same time.
• C. Timeboxes encourage the people who are closest to the problem to create the best possible result in the time allotted, given the current context.
• D. Scrum Teams can determine on their own how much overtime is acceptable for a timebox- generally expressed as a percentage of the timebox.

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
Explanation
C) Timeboxes encourage the people who are closest to the problem to create the best possible result in the time allotted, given the current context.
This is true because timeboxes limit the amount of time that can be spent on an activity, which forces the Scrum Team to focus on the most valuable and feasible outcomes. Timeboxes also empower the Scrum Team to make decisions based on their own expertise and experience, rather than relying on external authorities or instructions12.
D) Timeboxes help everyone focus on the same problem at the same time.
This is true because timeboxes create a shared sense of urgency and alignment among the Scrum Team and the stakeholders. Timeboxes also enable frequent feedback and inspection, which help the Scrum Team adapt to changing requirements and expectations12.
References: 1: What Is Timeboxing in Scrum? - Visual Paradigm 2: What Is Timeboxing in Scrum and What Are the Benefits? Scrum Alliance

NEW QUESTION # 47
Stakeholders are only allowed to meet with the Scrum Team at Sprint Review.

• A. True
• B. False

Answer: B

Explanation:
Getting feedback from Stakeholders is a crucial activity in Scrum. Working with stakeholders frequently ensures the team to focus on the right things to build. Although it is required to have Stakeholders at Sprint Review, they can also engage with the Scrum Team during Product Backlog Refinement, Sprint Planning or during the Sprint if the Scrum Team requires it.

NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following actions is appropriate for a Scrum Master at the Daily Scrum?

• A. All of the above.
• B. Making sure each member has an opportunity to answer all three Question:s.
• C. Teaching the Development Team to keep the Daily Scrum time-boxed to 15 minutes or less.
• D. Leading the Daily Scrum.
• E. Updating the Scrum board.

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 49
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